Technical documentation for environmental indicators used in the ILoveNatura platform

RGB satellite imagery
2.00 credits/per_km2
High resolution RGB imagery
8.00 credits/per_km2
Land Surface Temperature
3.00 credits/per_km2
Annual mean of each pixel over the selected period
15.00 credits/per_km2
Difference between the annual mean of each pixel in two distinct periods
15.00 credits/per_km2
Night Land Surface Temperature
3.00 credits/per_km2
Urban Thermal Field Variance Index
4.00 credits/per_km2
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
4.00 credits/per_km2
Annual mean of each pixel over the selected period
5.00 credits/per_km2
Difference between the annual mean of each pixel in two distinct periods
6.00 credits/per_km2
Normalized Difference Water Index
4.00 credits/per_km2
Annual mean of each pixel over the selected period
5.00 credits/per_km2
Difference between the annual mean of each pixel in two distinct periods
6.00 credits/per_km2
Normalized Difference Moisture Index
4.00 credits/per_km2
Annual mean of each pixel over the selected period
5.00 credits/per_km2
Difference between the annual mean of each pixel in two distinct periods
6.00 credits/per_km2
Artificial light intensity
3.00 credits/per_km2
Annual mean of each pixel over the selected period
4.00 credits/per_km2
Difference between the annual mean of each pixel in two distinct periods
5.00 credits/per_km2
Built-up Surface Fraction
3.00 credits/per_km2
Population Density
3.00 credits/per_km2
Aridity index based on the ratio of precipitation to evapotranspiration
1.00 credits/per_km2
Hydrogeological flood risk
4.00 credits/per_km2
Evapotranspiration
3.00 credits/per_km2
Degree of Urbanization
3.00 credits/per_km2
Protected natural areas
2.00 credits/
European ecosystems classification
0.20 credits/per_km2
Wildlife corridors
0.50 credits/per_km2
Stepping stone habitats
0.50 credits/per_km2
Ecological transition areas
0.50 credits/per_km2
Carbon stock overview
6.00 credits/per_km2
Current above-ground biomass carbon
6.00 credits/per_km2
Current below-ground biomass carbon
6.00 credits/per_km2
Current total biomass carbon
6.00 credits/per_km2
Current soil organic carbon
6.00 credits/per_km2
Current total carbon stock
8.00 credits/per_km2
Unrealized AGB carbon potential
8.00 credits/per_km2
Unrealized BGB carbon potential
8.00 credits/per_km2
Unrealized biomass carbon potential
8.00 credits/per_km2
Unrealized SOC potential
8.00 credits/per_km2
Unrealized total carbon potential
10.00 credits/per_km2
Future unrealized carbon potential
10.00 credits/per_km2
Future carbon potential change
10.00 credits/per_km2
Active fire detection
3.00 credits/per_km2
Socioeconomic indicators
2.00 credits/per_km2
Harmonized World Soil Database
2.00 credits/per_km2
Distance to green areas
3.00 credits/per_km2
Distance to small gardens
3.00 credits/per_km2
Distance to parks
3.00 credits/per_km2
Carbon monoxide (CO) concentration analysis over time
1.00 credits/per_km2
Formaldehyde concentration
3.00 credits/per_km2
Methane (CH4) concentration analysis over time
1.00 credits/per_km2
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration analysis over time
1.00 credits/per_km2
Ozone (O3) concentration analysis over time
1.00 credits/per_km2
Sulfur dioxide concentration
3.00 credits/per_km2
UV aerosol index
3.00 credits/per_km2
Fertilizer pollution overview
3.00 credits/per_km2
Nitrogen fertilizer pollution
3.00 credits/per_km2
Phosphorus fertilizer pollution
3.00 credits/per_km2
Potassium fertilizer pollution
3.00 credits/per_km2
Toxic metals soil pollution
4.00 credits/per_km2CLC computation prerequisite for biodiversity maps (MSA, PA, NS, NP, FA)
0.10 credits/per_km2Soil impermeability
0.10 credits/per_km2Natural and Agricultural Areas
0.10 credits/per_km2Spectrum device heatmap
PollyX device heatmap

Extreme weather events

Cultural and artistic heritage POIs
3Bee Oasi ecological features
Water risk assessment using WRI Aqueduct data
5.00 credits/fixedEvaluates species presence against IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
5.00 credits/fixedFull biodiversity report with data aggregation, charts, and AI analysis via Google Docs
5.00 credits/fixedAI-powered analysis and commentary on monitoring data using Gemini
3.00 credits/fixedMean Species Abundance
10.00 credits/per_km2MSA Climate Change component
8.00 credits/per_km2MSA Infrastructure component
8.00 credits/per_km2MSA Fragmentation component
8.00 credits/per_km2MSA Land Use - Plants
8.00 credits/per_km2MSA Land Use - Animals
8.00 credits/per_km2
Pollination Abundance
10.00 credits/per_km2
PA - Soil excavators nesting
6.00 credits/per_km2
PA - Sand excavators nesting
6.00 credits/per_km2
PA - Underground cavities nesting
6.00 credits/per_km2
PA - Wetland cavities nesting
6.00 credits/per_km2
PA - Vegetated cavities nesting
6.00 credits/per_km2
PA - Artificial nesting
6.00 credits/per_km2
PA - Coastal area nesting
6.00 credits/per_km2
Nesting Sites suitability
10.00 credits/per_km2
NS - Soil excavators
6.00 credits/per_km2
NS - Sand excavators
6.00 credits/per_km2
NS - Underground cavities
6.00 credits/per_km2
NS - Wetland cavities
6.00 credits/per_km2
NS - Vegetated cavities
6.00 credits/per_km2
NS - Artificial nesting
6.00 credits/per_km2
NS - Coastal areas
6.00 credits/per_km2Nectariferous Potential
8.00 credits/per_km2Flowering Area
8.00 credits/per_km2Change in average temperature compared to the 1950-1970 baseline and increase in extreme event frequency.
0.50 credits/fixedWind speed and direction analysis over time
0.30 credits/fixedExtended periods of extreme temperatures causing infrastructure strain and productivity loss.
0.30 credits/fixedExtended periods of extremely low temperatures impacting infrastructure and operations.
0.30 credits/fixedTotal precipitation (rain + snow) analysis over time
0.50 credits/fixedLong-term change in precipitation patterns impacting land productivity.
2.30 credits/fixedRisk of wildfires threatening structures, grounds, and air quality.
2.40 credits/fixedHealth and productivity risk from prolonged excessive heat conditions.
0.60 credits/fixedRecord-breaking temperatures causing infrastructure failures and health risks.
3.10 credits/fixedViolent storms with hurricane-force winds and risk of structural failure.
0.60 credits/fixedProlonged water scarcity with operational restrictions and increased costs.
0.50 credits/fixedProgressive land degradation with loss of productivity and land value.
0.50 credits/fixedRisk of flooding with structural damage and operational disruption.
0.50 credits/fixedLong-term drying trend impacting land productivity and increasing water costs.
0.60 credits/fixedImbalance between water demand and supply leading to restrictions and rationing.
1.00 credits/fixedHealth risk from air pollution and associated mortality rates.
0.10 credits/fixedRisk of slope instability with potential damage to foundations and structures.
2.20 credits/fixedDecline of local ecosystem health impacting ecosystem services like pollination.
2.40 credits/fixedSeismic risk with potential structural damage ranging from minor to catastrophic.
0.10 credits/fixedRisk from ash, lahars, and pyroclastic flows with potential destruction.
0.10 credits/fixedSea surface temperature anomalies impacting coastal ecosystems and ocean-dependent operations.
0.50 credits/fixedRecurring high-tide flooding, salinization, and progressive coastal land loss.
0.10 credits/fixedRisk of storm surge flooding with structural damage and corrosion.
0.10 credits/fixedShoreline retreat impacting foundations, infrastructure, and access routes.
0.10 credits/fixedChanges in ocean pH impacting marine ecosystems and ocean-dependent operations.
0.30 credits/fixedHistorical analysis of mean, max and min temperatures over time
1.00 credits/fixedClimate temperature projections based on SSP scenarios
1.00 credits/fixedRainfall precipitation analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedDistribution of weather codes and atmospheric conditions
1.00 credits/fixedCloud cover mean analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedFAO reference evapotranspiration analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedSnowfall precipitation analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedApparent (feels-like) temperature mean, max and min analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedDaylight duration analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedActual sunshine hours analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedWind gusts mean, max and min analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedShortwave solar radiation analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedDew point mean, max and min analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedRelative humidity mean, max and min analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedAtmospheric pressure (MSL) mean, max and min analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedWet bulb temperature mean, max and min analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedSoil moisture analysis at various depths over time
1.00 credits/fixedSoil temperature analysis at various depths over time
1.00 credits/fixedRiver discharge analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedPM10 particulate matter analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedPM2.5 fine particulate matter analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedCarbon dioxide (CO2) concentration analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedSulphur dioxide (SO2) concentration analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedAerosol optical depth (AOD) analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedDust concentration analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedUltraviolet radiation index analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedUV index under clear sky conditions analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedEuropean Air Quality Index (EAQI) analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedUS Air Quality Index (US AQI) analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedLandslide and erosion risk assessment based on past events
1.00 credits/fixedDistances from geographical features and urban centres
1.00 credits/fixedKPI based on proximity and coverage of protected areas
Historical analysis of total, mean and max precipitations over time
1.00 credits/fixedClimate precipitations projections based on SSP scenarios
1.00 credits/fixedWind speed and direction analysis for the year
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical analysis of mean, max and min temperatures over time
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical analysis of total precipitations over time
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical rainfall precipitation analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical wind speed mean, max and min analysis over time
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical soil moisture analysis at 0-7 cm depth
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical soil moisture analysis at 7-28 cm depth
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical soil moisture analysis at 28-100 cm depth
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical soil moisture analysis at 0-100 cm depth
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical soil temperature analysis at 0-7 cm depth
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical soil temperature analysis at 7-28 cm depth
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical soil temperature analysis at 28-100 cm depth
1.00 credits/fixedHistorical soil temperature analysis at 0-100 cm depth
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of mean, max and min temperature
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of total precipitations
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of rainfall precipitation
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of snowfall precipitation
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of mean and max wind speed
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of shortwave solar radiation
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of FAO reference evapotranspiration
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of mean cloud cover
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of mean, max and min dew point
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of mean, max and min relative humidity
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of mean atmospheric pressure
1.00 credits/fixedClimate projections of soil moisture at 0-10 cm depth
1.00 credits/fixed
Mismanaged plastic waste flowing from rivers into oceans (kg/year)
1.00 credits/per_km2
Normalized Difference Turbidity Index - measures water turbidity at 10m resolution
4.00 credits/per_km2
Annual mean of water turbidity over the selected period
5.00 credits/per_km2
Water turbidity change between two annual periods
6.00 credits/per_km2
Estimates water visibility depth in meters (transparency)
4.00 credits/per_km2
Annual mean of water transparency over the selected period
5.00 credits/per_km2
Detects floating algae and aquatic vegetation on water surface
4.00 credits/per_km2
Annual mean of floating algae over the selected period
5.00 credits/per_km2
Floating algae change between two annual periods
6.00 credits/per_km2
Maximum Chlorophyll Index - detects and quantifies intense algal blooms
4.00 credits/per_km2
Annual mean of algal bloom intensity over the selected period
5.00 credits/per_km2
Percentage of time water was detected (1984-2021, JRC, 30m)
2.00 credits/per_km2
Changes in surface water over time (permanent, seasonal, lost, new)
2.00 credits/per_km2Subnational infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births, CIESIN 2015 data)
2.00 credits/per_km2
Proportion of original biodiversity remaining (BII). Values near 1 indicate pristine ecosystems.
2.00 credits/per_km2
Cumulative human pressure on ecosystems (0–1 scale). Combines infrastructure, land use, population density, and night lights.
2.00 credits/per_km2
Classification of soil loss by water erosion (RUSLE, 2020 data)
2.00 credits/per_km2
Soil organic carbon content in the topsoil layer (0–30cm depth). Higher values indicate richer, healthier soils with greater carbon sequestration potential.
2.00 credits/per_km2
Pixel-level deforestation history (2001–2023). Each pixel records the year tree cover was lost.
2.00 credits/per_km2
Tree cover canopy height in meters (WRI DataLab, 10m)
2.00 credits/per_km2
Net greenhouse gas flux from forests. Negative = carbon sink, positive = carbon source. Units: Mg CO₂e/ha/yr.
2.00 credits/per_km2
Near-real-time deforestation alerts (UMD GLAD, 30m)
2.00 credits/per_km2
Cumulative tree cover gain (WRI DataLab, 5m)
2.00 credits/per_km2
Change in forest canopy height at 30m resolution. Shows tree growth (gain) and height loss (logging, storms).
2.00 credits/per_km2
Percentage of impervious surface cover per pixel (30m)
2.00 credits/per_km2
Soil erosion risk classification (RUSLE, 2020 data)
2.00 credits/per_km2
Global wetland extent from GLWD-3 (11 classes): lakes, reservoirs, rivers, marshes, swamp forests, coastal wetlands, bogs.
2.00 credits/per_km2Shows when each pixel was first built-up across four time periods (before 1975, 1975-1990, 1990-2000, 2000-2020)
3.00 credits/per_km2Forest landscape restoration opportunities (~1km). Classes: wide-scale, mosaic, remote restoration.
What would grow without human interference. 15 biome classes (Ramankutty & Foley 1999). Restoration benchmark.
Combined amphibian and mammalian species richness at ~10km resolution. Each cell shows total known species count.

Annual mean fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at ~10km. WHO guideline: <5 μg/m³. Values >25 indicate unhealthy air.

Travel time to the nearest city (>50,000 pop) in minutes. Low = urban/accessible, high = remote. 2015 snapshot.

Gridded total GDP per capita at ~10km resolution (2015). Derived from national accounts and sub-national GDP estimates. Values in millions USD PPP.

National GDP per capita gridded at ~10km (2015). World Bank PPP estimates. Useful for socioeconomic context of biodiversity sites.
Gridded population estimates at ~100m resolution (WorldPop, 2020). Total population count per grid cell.
Create a buffer zone around geometries
0.20 credits/flatMerge all features into a single geometry
0.10 credits/flatReduce geometry complexity while preserving shape
0.10 credits/flatCalculate the bounding box of all features
0.10 credits/flatCalculate the convex hull of all features
0.10 credits/flatCalculate the centroid of all features
0.10 credits/flatMerge features by a shared property
0.20 credits/flatSplit multi-geometries into individual features
0.10 credits/flatRivers, lakes, canals and seas from OpenStreetMap
0.50 credits/per_km2AI-assisted GIS editor conversation
0.10 credits/flat
Terrain slope map in degrees (0-90), derived from the SRTM digital elevation model at 30m resolution. Useful for soil stability analysis, landslide risk, agricultural planning, and water runoff assessment.
0.50 credits/per_km2
Hydrological flow accumulation map: for each pixel, shows how many upstream pixels drain to that point. High values indicate runoff concentration (rivers, channels). Derived from the MERIT Hydro DEM at 90m.
0.50 credits/per_km2
Hydrologically conditioned digital elevation model (MERIT Hydro). Artificial depressions are filled and SRTM errors corrected to ensure continuous water flow. Resolution 90m.
0.50 credits/per_km2
Stream network map derived from MERIT Hydro. Shows rivers and channels identified by thresholding upstream drainage area (>1 km2). Color indicates basin size: thin channels (light blue) to major rivers (dark blue).
0.50 credits/per_km2
D8 flow direction map: for each pixel, indicates which of the 8 adjacent pixels water flows to following the steepest descent. Derived from the MERIT Hydro DEM at 90m.
0.50 credits/per_km2
Estimated soil loss in tonnes per hectare per year (t/ha/yr) computed using the RUSLE equation (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation). Combines rainfall erosivity (CHIRPS), soil erodibility (OpenLandMap), slope length and steepness (SRTM + MERIT Hydro), and vegetation cover (Sentinel-2 NDVI). Resolution 30m.
1.50 credits/per_km2
Structural wildfire susceptibility (0-1) computed as weighted overlay of vegetation type (ESA WorldCover), summer NDVI (Sentinel-2), aridity index, and summer LST (Landsat 8/9). Mediterranean Italy AHP approach.
1.50 credits/per_km2Noise pollution exposure index (0-1) computed as weighted overlay of distance to major roads (OSM), railways (OSM), airports (OSM), urban built-up density (GHSL), and industrial/commercial land (OSM). Global proxy approach, compatible with EU END directive.
1.50 credits/per_km2Geological Map of Greece (EAGME 500K) — 91 lithological-stratigraphic units from the Hellenic Survey of Geology and Mineral Exploration
2.00 credits/
Composite surface runoff risk index (0-1) combining flow accumulation (MERIT Hydro), impervious surfaces (Copernicus 30m) and inverted terrain slope (NASA SRTM 30m). High values mark flat impervious areas where rainwater concentrates and cannot infiltrate.
0.50 credits/per_km2
Change in forest canopy height at 30m resolution. Shows tree growth (gain) and height loss (logging, storms). 2000-2024 extended variant, derived from Hansen GFC v1.12 and ETH Global Canopy Height 2020 (approximation of the GLCLUC 7-class scheme).
2.00 credits/per_km2AI evaluation of an ESG report PDF against industry benchmarks
5.00 credits/flatRender a saved report as HTML via the report-generator service
1.00 credits/flatGenerate a single AI-written field for a report template
1.00 credits/flatImport an existing PDF into the report-generator pipeline
2.00 credits/flat
Geological Map of Italy — INSPIRE-harmonised 1:100K geological vector data published by ISPRA Servizio Geologico d'Italia (CC-BY 4.0). 8,934 dissolved lithostratigraphic units covering mainland, Sicily and Sardinia.
2.00 credits/Geological Map of Spain — IGME-CSIC OneGeology 1:1M geological vector data (CC-BY 4.0). 16,041 lithostratigraphic units covering the Iberian peninsula, Balearic and Canary Islands.
2.00 credits/