The Precipitations KPI quantifies the annual amount of precipitation in the study area, comparing it with a climate reference period (baseline 1961–1990) and projecting it into the future according to the four main SSP climate scenarios from the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (IPCC AR6, 2021).
Precipitation is a fundamental parameter for ecosystem health: significant deviations from the historical norm can cause water stress for plants, disruption of phenological cycles, biodiversity reduction, and risk of drought or flooding. The indicator is inverted: a high anomaly relative to the historical baseline (in either direction: deficit or surplus) represents a higher climate risk condition and therefore a lower quality score.
Historical data (Open-Meteo): annual historical precipitation is extracted from the Open-Meteo Historical Weather API (~10 km resolution, ERA5-Land) for the available period. The percentage anomaly value is calculated relative to the climatic baseline 1961–1990.
Future projections (CDS-CMIP6): projection data come from the Climate Data Store of Copernicus/ECMWF, CMIP6 dataset (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6). The four SSP scenarios are processed:
| Scenario | Description | Estimated warming by 2100 |
|---|---|---|
| SSP1-2.6 | Sustainable development, low emissions | ~1.8°C |
| SSP2-4.5 | Intermediate pathway | ~2.7°C |
| SSP3-7.0 | Regional rivalry, high emissions | ~3.6°C |
| SSP5-8.5 | Fossil development, maximum emissions | ~4.4°C |
Baseline: 1961–1990 (WMO climatological reference period).
The value shown is the percentage precipitation anomaly relative to the historical baseline. The historical trend and four future projections are displayed simultaneously in the chart.
| Code | Name | Provider | Resolution | Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
WRD_OPNMT_99 | Open-Meteo Historical Weather | Open-Meteo / ERA5 | ~10 km | 1940 — present |
WRD_CDSXX_99 | Climate Data Store CMIP6 | Copernicus / ECMWF | variable | projections to 2100 |
| Indicator | Unit | Range | Inverted |
|---|---|---|---|
precipitations | % | [0, 5.2169, 10.5628, 16.5048, 26.9579, 100] | Yes |
Inverted = Yes: a higher value indicates a greater climatic anomaly relative to the 1961–1990 baseline (precipitation deficit or surplus) and therefore lower environmental quality.
| Level | Anomaly (%) | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| A (Excellent) | 0 – 5.2 | Precipitation within historical norms; hydrologically stable ecosystem |
| B (Good) | 5.2 – 10.6 | Slight deviation from norms; negligible water stress |
| C (Moderate) | 10.6 – 16.5 | Moderate anomaly; possible seasonal water stress |
| D (Poor) | 16.5 – 27.0 | Significant anomaly; risk of drought or flooding |
| E (Critical) | > 27.0 | Severe anomaly; strong impact on ecosystems and biodiversity |
precipitations
(%)Historical data: Open-Meteo Historical Weather (~10 km, ERA5-Land). Percentage anomaly of annual precipitation calculated against the 1961–1990 climatological baseline (WMO standard). Future projections: CDS-CMIP6 (Copernicus/ECMWF) for the four SSP scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5). The chart shows the historical trend and four future projections. Inverted indicator: the anomaly (absolute value) is used as a climate risk measure; higher values = greater anomaly = lower quality.