The European Ecosystems layer displays the EEA Ecosystem Types Map (ETM) version 3.1, a comprehensive land classification product covering the European continent at 100 m spatial resolution in the EPSG:3035 (ETRS89-LAEA) coordinate reference system. The reference year is 2012.
The ETM classifies the European landscape into 46 detailed ecosystem type classes organized under 9 MAES (Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services) level-1 categories:
| MAES Category | Description | Example Classes |
|---|---|---|
| Coastal | Marine and coastal habitats | Beaches, dunes, estuaries |
| Rivers and Lakes | Freshwater ecosystems | Rivers, lakes, reservoirs |
| Wetlands | Waterlogged ecosystems | Bogs, fens, marshes |
| Grasslands | Herbaceous vegetation | Natural grasslands, pastures |
| Heathland and Shrub | Low woody vegetation | Moors, sclerophyllous scrub |
| Woodland and Forest | Tree-dominated ecosystems | Broadleaved, coniferous, mixed |
| Sparsely Vegetated | Minimal vegetation cover | Bare rock, glaciers, burnt areas |
| Cultivated | Agricultural land | Arable land, permanent crops |
| Urban | Artificial surfaces | Residential, industrial, transport |
The ETM is the official European reference for ecosystem accounting under the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030 and the SEEA-EA (System of Environmental-Economic Accounting — Ecosystem Accounting) framework.
Classification approach:
The ETM v3.1 is produced by the EEA through a multi-source data integration process:
Output characteristics:
| Code | Name | Provider | Type | Coverage | Resolution | Reference Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EEA ETM v3.1 | Ecosystem Types Map v3.1 | European Environment Agency | Raster | Europe (EEA-39) | 100 m | 2012 |
Documentation: EEA Ecosystem Types Map
La mappa European Ecosystems utilizza l'EEA Ecosystem Types Map (ETM) v3.1, prodotta dall'Agenzia Europea per l'Ambiente, con risoluzione di 100 metri. La copertura geografica è limitata all'Europa (sistema di riferimento ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe, EPSG:3035). L'anno di riferimento dei dati è il 2012. Il dataset classifica il territorio secondo il sistema MAES (Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services), sviluppato per supportare la Strategia europea sulla biodiversità 2030, la valutazione dei servizi ecosistemici, il Natural Capital Accounting e il Green Deal europeo. La classificazione comprende 46 classi organizzate in 9 categorie di livello 1: B - Coastal ecosystems (7 classi), C - Rivers and lakes (2 classi), D - Wetlands (6 classi), E - Grasslands (7 classi), F - Heathland and shrub (9 classi), G - Woodland and forest (5 classi), H - Sparsely vegetated (6 classi), I - Cultivated areas (1 classe), J - Urban (6 classi). Il dato viene scaricato come Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFF da AWS S3 con windowed reading, ritagliato sull'area di interesse, riproiettato nel sistema di riferimento richiesto (tipicamente EPSG:3857), e visualizzato con la colormap ufficiale EEA MAES.